Regenerative brakes

INTRODUCTION

  • A regenerative brake is an apparatus, a device or system which allows a vehicle to recapture and store part of the kinetic energy that would otherwise be 'lost' to heat when braking.
  • Regenerative Braking System is the way of slowing vehicle by using the motors as brakes .
  • Regenerative braking systems reclaim and storing the kinetic energy in a reusable manner
  • Many modern electric drive vehicles including electric locomotives and HEVs have regenerative braking systems

NEED FOR REGENERATIVE BRAKING

In conventional braking system the motion is retarded or stopped by absorbing kinetic energy by friction, by making the contact of the moving body with frictional rubber pad (called brake liner) which causes the absorption of kinetic energy, and this is wasted in form of heat in surroundings. Each time we brake, the momentum of vehicle is absorbed that it has gained by it and to re-accelerate the vehicle we have to start from the scratch to redevelop that momentum by using the more power from an engine .Thus, it will ultimately result in huge waste of energy.

The regenerative braking system delivers a number of significant advantages over a car that only has friction brakes. In low-speed, stop- and-go traffic where little deceleration is required; the regenerative braking system can provide the majority of the total braking force. This vastly improves fuel economy with a vehicle, and further enhances the attractiveness of vehicles using regenerative braking for city driving.

WORKING

  • Regenerative (or Dynamic Braking) occurs when the vehicle is in motion, such as coasting , traveling downhill or braking . And the accelerator pedal is not being depressed. During “Regent,” the motor becomes a generator and sends energy back to the batteries.
  •  
  • When the accelerator pedal is released, the absence of pressure triggers a response from the Energy Storage Unit (ESU). Regenerative braking begins, and the batteries are re-charged by the motor , which is turned by the wheels .

BASIC COMPONENTS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING

1.ENERGY STORAGE UNIT

 The energy recaptured by regenerative braking might be stored in one of three devices:

  • An electrochemical battery
  • A flywheel
  • Compressed air

2. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

The energy storage unit requires a transmission that can handle torque and speed demands in a steeples manner and smoothly control energy flow to and from the vehicle wheels.

3. Controller

An “ON-OFF” engine control system is used. That means that the engine is “ON” until the energy storage unit has been reached the desired charge capacity and then is decoupled and stopped until the energy storage unit charge fall below its minimum requirement.

4. Regenerative Brake Controllers

Brake controllers are electronic devices that can control brakes remotely, deciding when braking begins ends, and how quickly the brakes need to be applied.

BENEFITS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING

  • Increase of overall energy efficiency of a vehicle
  • Increases vehicle range
  • Cuts down on pollution related to electricity generation
  • Increases the lifespan of friction braking systems
  • Less use of traditional mechanical brakes leads to less wear over time

ADVANTAGE

  • Provide greater  fuel economy
  •  Greater improvement in emission reduction
  •  Energy savvy  (energy conversion will be carefully
  • controlled in the interest of maximum efficiency)
  •  Provide ample drive power and power for sudden acceleration.
  •  Enhance the efficiency of the engine and the overall economy of the car.

 

DISADVANTAGE

The main disadvantage of regenerative braking when compared with dynamic braking is the need to closely match the electricity generated with the supply. With D.C supplies this requires the voltage to be closely controlled and it is only with the development of power electronics that it has been possible with A.C supplies where the supply frequency must also be matched.

TYPES OF RENGENRATIVE BRAKING

1.ELECTRIC RENGENERATIVE BRAKING

2.HYDRAULIC REGENERATIVE BRAKING

3.FLY WHEELS

4.COMPRESSED AIR

5.REGENERATIVE BRAKING USING NITILON SPRING

 

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